Although these drugs are effective, complex treatments for gout cannot be fully implemented without a special diet. The main rule of this diet is to strictly limit or completely eliminate ingredients containing a lot of purine bases from the diet. Dietary recommendations can not only normalize metabolic processes and reduce the burden on kidney equipment, but also normalize water and electrolyte metabolism and improve the patient's overall health.
Disease characteristics
The pathological changes of the joints in this disease are directly related to the accumulation of urea fragments in the joint space. As the disease progresses, the deposition of uric acid crystals not only occurs in the joints but also in the internal organs, which leads to the destruction of its functional activity. First, this disease affects the urinary system because the kidneys can no longer cope with the amount of uric acid present in the body.
The most likely complication of renal gout is urolithiasis, which eventually leads to kidney failure and death. Usually, this pathological phenomenon affects the interphalangeal joints of the feet, hands, knees, elbows and ankles. When the relative remission phase is replaced by the exacerbation phase, the disease is characterized by periodicity.
During the worsening of the disease, a person faces the following pathological symptoms:
- tophi swelling and redness in the damaged joint area;
- Severe pain syndrome, which tends to aggravate even when the air is flowing;
- Body temperature rises more than 38 degrees.
During a gout attack, the typical symptoms usually only affect the pha knuckle of the first toe. In 80% of cases, the symptoms of gout make them feel themselves at night. The onset of exacerbation can last from hours to days, depending on the severity of the pathological changes. The frequency of seizures directly depends on the individual characteristics of the human body. In some patients, this happens every six months, and some patients forget that gout has existed for several years. Although the disease is genetic in nature, in order to cause gout attacks, it is necessary to create favorable conditions such as malnutrition, improper lifestyle, drinking, caffeine and nicotine abuse.
Gout is usually secondary and develops in the context of pathologies such as diabetes, leukemia, or hypertension. Long-term uncontrolled use of acetylsalicylic acid can also lead to interruption of uric acid metabolism in the human body. Regardless of the length of the disease, people who are diagnosed with gout need timely and complex treatment, including radical changes in eating habits.
Diet characteristics
In the case of impaired urea metabolism, such patients should be provided with a diet, limiting their external intake of purine bases, which will help inhibit the synthesis of uric acid and shift the pH of urine to alkaline. According to the classification of the diet table, it is recommended that people suffering from gout consume the No. 6 table. The calorie of this table is 2700-2800 calories on average.
In addition, the chemical composition of this diet is as follows:
- The daily carbohydrate content is between 350 and 400 grams.
- The volume of protein components is 80-90g per day, and at least half of the specified volume should be animal protein.
- The amount of fat consumed per day should be between 80 and 90 grams, and the amount of vegetable fat should be at least 30%.
There are also other nutritional principles. According to this, a person diagnosed with gout can improve the overall condition of the body and reduce the risk of recurrence of the disease. These principles include:
- Replenish the fluid correctly.The daily amount of drinking water should be at least 1. 5 liters and no more than 2 liters. This amount of water is sufficient to normalize the level of urea in the body and clear excess urea through the kidneys as soon as possible.
- In line with food intake.In order to reduce the body's metabolic burden and eliminate the accumulation of harmful compounds, it is recommended to consume a small amount of food every day, in moderate amounts, up to 5 times. For this disease, avoiding overeating is very important.
- Quit drinking alcohol completely.Drinking beer, wine, champagne and other alcoholic beverages can provoke another attack of the disease because they not only slow down the excretion of excess uric acid, but also promote the overproduction of uric acid. For example, red wine is rich in purine bases, and its accumulation in the body can lead to the development of gout.
- Salt intake is limited.To prevent another painful attack, the amount of salt consumed per day must be limited to 6 g.
- Reduce protein consumption.Complete rejection of protein ingredients is not only harmful to health, but also dangerous to human life. Therefore, it is recommended that patients with gout prefer plant proteins and meat ingredients that contain the least purine bases.
- Weight normalization.Excess weight will cause an unreasonable burden on the entire body, resulting in a decrease in metabolic rate. To some extent, obesity has a negative impact on the condition of the kidneys and joints, leading to worsening of the disease. In order to prevent the recurrence of obesity and gout, it is recommended to limit sugar intake.
Prohibited food ingredients
The key condition for effective nutrition in this disease is to strictly limit or completely exclude ingredients containing a large amount of purine bases.Food elements must be completely removed from the daily diet, such as broth and the first course of red meat and mushrooms, coffee, strong black and green tea and cocoa and chocolate. A gout diet cannot provide fast days, because insufficient food intake will accelerate the production of uric acid.
The complete elimination of these food components from the daily diet can help improve the general condition and reduce the body's metabolic load:
- Hard cheese with spices and herbs;
- Any internal organs;
- Concentrated broth;
- High-fat fish ingredients;
- Smoked and canned sausages, sausages, meat and fish ingredients;
- All varieties of mushrooms;
- Dried fruits;
- Canned, pickled and pickled vegetables ingredients;
- Candy;
- Sauces, mayonnaise, ketchup, mustard, horseradish and chili snacks;
- Products made from meringue;
- Raspberries, bilberries, figs, cranberries;
- Beverages containing carbon dioxide, alcohol, colors and flavors;
- Types of refractory animal fat;
- Vegetable ingredients, such as peas, beans, cauliflower, broccoli, spinach, sorrel, rhubarb.
Allowed food ingredients
The list of acceptable products includes items that contribute to the normalization of human urea metabolism.
The gout diet has a lot in common with the vegetarian diet, because it has strict restrictions on animal products and mainly plant-based foods in the diet.This diet not only has a beneficial effect on the metabolic state, but also normalizes the excretion function of the large intestine, thereby solving the problem of constipation. Edible foods also put little pressure on the kidneys, allowing them to focus on eliminating excess uric acid.
You can form a daily menu containing the following food ingredients:
- Soy products;
- Baked products made from wheat or rye flour;
- Eggs, 1 tablet per day (or quail-3 tablets);
- The first lesson, add whole milk, noodles, fruits, allowed grains and vegetables;
- Low-fat meat ingredients (chicken, turkey, rabbit, lean fish);
- Rice, buckwheat and wheat husked;
- Whole milk and fermented milk ingredients, low fat content;
- Freshly squeezed fruit juice and vegetable juice, medicinal mineral water with alkaline ingredients;
- Vegetable ingredients (carrots, cabbage, zucchini, pumpkin, lettuce);
- Crab meat, shrimp, squid;
- Butter, no added salt, ghee and vegetable oil;
- Certain types of candies (marshmallow, jam, marshmallow, natural honey, fruit and berry jam);
- You can add bay leaves, cinnamon, citric acid, dill and parsley, and vanillin as seasonings;
- Citrus fruits, pineapple, berries, melon.
Reasonable nutrition for gout not only has a beneficial effect on the work of blood vessels and the heart, but also can reduce the use of drugs. Restricted diet can reduce the risk of disease recurrence, normalize body weight and enhance the body's defenses.
Consequences of not following eating habits
If a person diagnosed with gout ignores a balanced diet, he may face a series of serious complications.
These complications include:
- Changes in atherosclerosis;
- Irreversible kidney damage (gouty nephritis);
- The accumulation of uric acid crystals in internal organs is full of the formation of so-called gout knots;
- Kidney failure occurred;
- With the development of erosive arthritis, diffuse damage to joint devices;
- Irreversible damage to blood vessels and heart, and the formation of persistent arterial hypertension.
Daily sample menu
People with gout can write a daily menu based on their food preferences and guided by the allowed food list. For example, a standard diet menu will be displayed, which would violate the metabolism of uric acid in the body.
This menu looks like this:
First day
- Breakfast. Hercules slices, add milk or water to boil, add 2-3 fresh cucumbers, rose hips uzvar.
- The second breakfast. 150-200 grams of low-fat cheese, add 15% fatty acid cream, 1 cup of fruit and berry jelly or 250 ml of homemade yogurt.
- Lunch. Chicken broth, including potatoes, carrots and other permitted vegetables, zucchini, rice and vegetable filling, sour cream sauce, 1 cup of whole milk or berry juice to taste.
- afternoon snack. Vegetable salad, seasoned with vegetable oil, 150 g turkey fillet and 1 cup rose hip uzvar.
- Dinner. Vegetable patties with cabbage, cheesecake with 15% fat sour cream and 250 ml tomato juice. Before going to bed, you can eat 1-2 fresh apples or drink 1 cup of homemade yogurt.
The next day
- Breakfast. Grated carrots, cooked with 15% sour cream, rice paste, water or milk, add 1 poached egg, and lemon black tea to taste.
- The second breakfast. Potatoes, vegetable salad seasoned with vegetable oil, 250 ml of fruit and berry jelly or apple juice.
- Lunch. Vegetable soup with sour cream, jelly, curd casserole and raisins.
- Dinner. 2-3 baked apples, cinnamon, omelet and any juice. Before going to bed, it is recommended to consume 250ml of low-fat homemade yogurt or kefir.
The third day
- Breakfast. Cabbage and carrot salad, seasoned with 15% acidic fat, herbal tea made with chamomile flowers, thyme and trees.
- The second breakfast. Steamed fish fillet, cucumber salad with herbs, tomato sauce.
- Lunch. Vegetarian borscht, a small slice of boiled chicken fillet and sour cream sauce, berry juice.
- afternoon snack. Carrot and apple juice, biscuits or biscuits.
- Dinner. Buckwheat porridge is cooked with milk, and cabbage rolls are served with rice and vegetables. At night, you can drink 1 cup of tomato or apple juice.
Fourth day
- Breakfast. Grated beetroot salad, sour cream with 15% fat and garlic, 1-2 slices of bread and bran, light black tea and milk.
- The second breakfast. Any permitted vegetable or fruit juice.
- Lunch. Vegetable soup with pearl rice, egg cabbage schnitzel, carrot and pumpkin juice.
- afternoon snack. Orange juice or grapefruit juice, biscuits.
- Dinner. Carrot pancakes with 15% fat sour cream, homemade milk or jelly.
The fifth day
- Breakfast. Oatmeal boiled milk, rose hip soup, apple carrot salad.
- The second breakfast. Part of low-fat cheese, served with honey, raspberry or strawberry jelly.
- Lunch. Zucchini stewed in carrot, tomato, vegetable soup with potatoes, banana smoothie.
- Dinner. Cabbage steak, cooked rabbit meat, tomato sauce.
Sixth day
- Breakfast. Rice porridge with milk, carrot and apple salad, walnuts, green tea.
- The second breakfast. 1 poached egg, herbal tea.
- Lunch. Vegetable okroshka, cheese casserole, sherbet.
- Dinner. 1-2 Baked apples with honey, carrot and apple juice.
Seventh day
- Breakfast. Milk buckwheat porridge, cabbage salad with herbs, weak green tea.
- Lunch. Vegetarian smorgasbord, 1-2 slices of cereal bread, milk custard.
- afternoon snack. Apple carrot casserole, rose hip drink.
- Dinner. Pumpkin meat, roasted with honey and apple juice.
Recipes
The following recipes for preparing some dishes will help people diagnosed with gout diversify their diets and saturate the body with important ingredients, vitamins, minerals and amino acids. The list of ingredients used can be changed according to cooking preferences.
Cabbage and Beet Salad
To prepare this diet, you need: 1 head of medium-sized red cabbage, 2 heads of medium-sized beets, 35 g of walnuts, 1 teaspoon of honey, a few drops of lemon juice and salt to taste. For cooking, boil the beets first and then cut them into medium size. After that, you need to chop the cabbage, add salt and let it sit for 9-11 minutes. After that, mix all the ingredients gently, then season with honey and a mixture of lemon juice and olive oil or sunflower oil. To improve the taste, chopped walnuts are added to the salad.
Baked potatoes
You must first reserve 350-400 grams of peeled potatoes, a small amount of coriander seeds and vegetable oil. Cut the pre-peeled potatoes into wedges and cook until they are half cooked in salted water. Spread semi-finished potatoes on a baking tray, coat the baking tray with sunflower or butter, coat the top with vegetable oil, and sprinkle with caraway seeds. It is recommended to bake this dish in the oven at a temperature of 120 degrees for 35-40 minutes.
Rice and meat puree
In order to prepare a weight loss meal, you need the following ingredients:
- 300-350 grams of chicken, turkey or rabbit meat;
- 30 g raw rice grain;
- dill or parsley;
- Season with salt.
Cooking recipe:
- The meat must first be boiled, cut into medium-sized pieces, and then chopped in a blender or meat grinder.
- Boil the rice grains and wash thoroughly, mix with the chopped meat, and then pass the mixture through a blender or meat grinder.
- Salt the finished ingredients, season them, mix and incubate for 5-7 minutes on low heat.
- After boiling, mix it thoroughly, add 1 tablespoon of sunflower oil, and mix again.
Sprinkle herbs before eating.
Milk jelly
Before making desserts, you need to stock up the following ingredients:
- 150 grams of granulated sugar;
- 30 grams of gelatin;
- 15 grams of chopped almonds
- 800ml whole milk;
- A pinch of vanillin.
Add 4-5 tablespoons of boiling water to the chopped almonds and mix them until a paste is formed. Add almond porridge, vanillin and sugar to the heated milk, and then boil the mixture. After that, remove the milk from the heat source, add gelatin to it and mix gently until the granules are completely dissolved. The finished mixture is poured into the pre-prepared form and allowed to solidify.
Stewed pumpkin
The following components are needed to prepare the plate:
- 100ml whole milk;
- 300 grams of peeled pumpkin pulp;
- 1 teaspoon butter
- 1 medium orange;
- 2 medium-sized apples;
- 2 tablespoons of granulated sugar;
- Vanillin and cinnamon seasoning.
Cook like this:
- Peeled pumpkin pulp should be grated on a medium grater, then boiled in milk for 15-20 minutes, then sugar, peeled apple chopped, and butter are added to the hot mixture.
- Steam the resulting mixture on low heat for 10 minutes.
Before serving, sprinkle with vanilla and cinnamon and garnish with peeled orange slices.
Vegetable Borscht
Vegetable borscht is one of the easiest options for preparing lunch dishes. Such a dish does not require a lot of time and money, and its taste is equally pleasant for adults and children.
To prepare borscht, you need the following ingredients:
- 2 liters of pure water;
- A medium-sized bell pepper;
- 3-4 medium tomatoes;
- Chinese cabbage;
- 2-3 medium-sized potatoes;
- Dill and parsley.
Cooking method:
- The vegetables listed must be peeled, washed and diced.
- Chopped cabbage, tomatoes should be washed, scalded with boiling water and peeled.
- Add the pre-made juice from diced potatoes and peeled tomatoes to boiling water.
- After boiling the potatoes for half, add cabbage and bell peppers. After boiling (add cabbage and pepper), it must be boiled for 7 minutes, then remove from the heat, and then add chopped dill and parsley.
It is recommended to add 1 teaspoon of sour cream to the dishes.